Retinol (Vitamin A): The primary active ingredient for reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improving skin texture, and promoting cell turnover.

Retinoid Derivatives: Such as retinyl palmitate or retinaldehyde, which are milder forms of Vitamin A that can be used for more sensitive skin types.

Hyaluronic Acid: A powerful hydrating agent that helps to plump and moisturize the skin, counteracting the dryness that can sometimes accompany retinol use.

Vitamin C: Often included for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin and enhance overall radiance.

Peptides: These can support collagen production and improve skin firmness and elasticity.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3): Known for its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to improve skin barrier function, reduce redness, and even out skin tone.

Ceramides: Lipids that help restore the skin’s natural barrier and retain moisture.

Antioxidants: Such as green tea extract, resveratrol, or coenzyme Q10, to protect the skin from free radical damage and environmental stressors.